Factors affecting voltage gain, input ,noise, offsets, common mode and power supply rejection, power dissipation, and transient response are considered for thetraditionalbipolar-derivedtwo-stage architecture.Alternative circuitapproaches for optimizationof particular performance aapects are summarized, and examples are given.In Section II, the importantperformancerequirementsmanceofthe basic two-stageCMOS operationalTHE rapid increase in chip complexityassociated with NMOS depletionsidered.Finally,load amplifierdesign are con-analog-digitala summaryamplifiersin scaled technologiessubsystems on the same integratedThe performanceobjectivesused withina monolithicferentthosefromPerhapsthemostmanyput of the amplifiernology. Primary emphasis is placed on CMOSamplifiers because of their more widespread use. MEYER,FELLOW,IEEE(ZnvitedPaper)Abstract-This paper presents an overview of current design techniques for operational amplifiers implementedin CMOS and NMOStechnology at a tutorial level. 6, DECEMBER9691982,Special PapersMOS Operational Amplifier Design-A Tutorial OverviewPAULR.
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